basic for loop + examples -> era3

bad.ang

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-import "lib/math.ang"
-
-primes := [2]
-
-func is_prime(x: number) boolean {
-    i := 0
-    while i < primes.length() && primes.at(i)*primes.at(i) < x {
-        if mod(x, primes.at(i)) == 0 {
-            return false
-        }
-        i = i + 1
-    }
-
-    return true
-}
-
-n := 1
-max := 100000
-
-while n < max {
-    n = n + 2
-
-    if is_prime(n) {
-        primes.append(n)
-
-        # Update counter
-        print(char(0x0D))
-        print(str(n))
-        print("/")
-        print(str(max))
-        print(char(0x09))
-        print(str(roundd(n/max*100, 2)))
-        print("%")
-        print(char(0x09))
-        print(str(primes.length()))
-        print(" primes")
-    }
-}
-
-write(str(primes))

chars.ang

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-
-MAX_WIDTH := 16
-
-print(" ")
-w := 1
-n := 0x21
-while n < 0xA0 {
-    print(char(n))
-    n = n + 1
-    w = w + 1
-    if w >= MAX_WIDTH {
-        write("")
-        w = 0
-    }
-}

codegen.ang

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-
-passphrase := "Hello world!".split("")
-start := [0, 0, 0]
-modulus := 10
-base := byte("!")
-
-i := 0
-n := 0
-while n < passphrase.length() {
-    b := byte(passphrase.at(n))
-
-    v = start.at(i) + b - base
-    while v >= modulus {
-        v = v - modulus
-    }
-
-    start.put(i, v)
-
-    if i >= 3 {
-        i = 0
-    }
-    n = n + 1
-}
-

core/compiler.go

@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ func (c *Compiler) add(instruction Bytecode) {
 	c.advance(1)
 }
 
+// addConstant add both a constant (if it is not already defined), and add the index of it to the bytecode
 func (c *Compiler) addConstant(value Value) {
 	chunk := c.Chunk
 	for i := 0; i < len(chunk.Constants); i++ {
@@ -165,6 +166,10 @@ func (c *Compiler) addConstant(value Value) {
 
 	chunk.Constants = append(chunk.Constants, value)
 
+	if len(chunk.Constants) > 256 {
+		panic("too many constants (>256)")
+	}
+
 	c.add(Bytecode(len(chunk.Constants) - 1))
 }
 
@@ -472,7 +477,6 @@ func (c *Compiler) compile(tree Node) (TypeSignature, error) {
 			c.add(InstructionJumpFalse)
 			jumpValuePos = c.ip
 			c.advance(2)
-
 		}
 
 		c.add(InstructionPop)
@@ -492,6 +496,74 @@ func (c *Compiler) compile(tree Node) (TypeSignature, error) {
 
 		return &CompositeSignature{dt, &NilSignature{}}, nil
 
+	case ForNodeType:
+		n := tree.(*ForNode)
+
+		is, err := c.compile(n.iterator)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		iteratorSignature := &FunctionSignature{
+			[]TypeSignature{},
+			&TupleSignature{
+				[]TypeSignature{
+					&AnySignature{},
+					&BooleanSignature{},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		if !iteratorSignature.Contains(is) {
+			return nil, c.error(fmt.Sprintf("cannot iterate with non-iterator %s (must be %s)", is, iteratorSignature), n.iterator)
+		}
+
+		outputSig := is.(*FunctionSignature).Out.(*TupleSignature).Contents[0]
+		ipos := c.ip
+
+		c.addDescend()
+		c.add(InstructionDuplicate)
+		c.add(InstructionCall)
+		c.add(InstructionDestructureTuple)
+
+		// if no more items; jump to end
+		c.add(InstructionJumpFalse)
+		jmpValuePos := c.ip
+		c.advance(2)
+
+		if n.counter.Type() != ReferenceNodeType {
+			return nil, c.error("cannot use non-variable as a counter", n.counter)
+		}
+
+		name := n.counter.(*ReferenceNode).name
+
+		c.add(InstructionDeclareLocal)
+		c.addConstant(&StringValue{
+			name,
+		})
+		c.add(InstructionPop)
+		c.registerVar(name, outputSig)
+
+		_, err = c.compile(n.logic)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		c.add(InstructionPop)
+
+		c.addAscend()
+
+		c.add(InstructionLoop)
+		c.addU16(uint16(c.ip - ipos + 2))
+
+		// end of loop
+		c.putU16(jmpValuePos, uint16(c.ip-jmpValuePos-2))
+
+		c.add(InstructionPop)
+		c.add(InstructionPop)
+		c.add(InstructionNil)
+
+		return &NilSignature{}, nil
+
 	case AssignNodeType:
 		n := tree.(*AssignNode)
 

core/lexer.go

@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ const (
 	TokenElse
 	TokenImport
 	TokenType
+	TokenFor
+	TokenIn
 
 	TokenComma
 	TokenDot
@@ -178,6 +180,10 @@ func (t TokenKind) String() string {
 		return "newline"
 	case TokenType:
 		return "type"
+	case TokenFor:
+		return "for"
+	case TokenIn:
+		return "in"
 	}
 
 	panic("UNDEFINED TOKENTYPE STRING CONVERSION")
@@ -196,6 +202,8 @@ var Keywords = map[string]TokenKind{
 	"while":      TokenWhile,
 	"breakpoint": TokenBreakpoint,
 	"type":       TokenType,
+	"for":        TokenFor,
+	"in":         TokenIn,
 }
 
 type Lexer struct {

core/nodes.go

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ const (
 	BlockNodeType
 	ConditionalNodeType
 	LoopNodeType
+	ForNodeType
 	AssignNodeType
 	InvokeNodeType
 	CallNodeType
@@ -501,7 +502,7 @@ func (n ConditionalNode) Bounds() (Pos, Pos) {
 	return n.start, n.end
 }
 
-// LoopNode Loops (for/while)
+// LoopNode While loops
 type LoopNode struct {
 	condition Node
 	do        Node
@@ -522,6 +523,28 @@ func (n LoopNode) Bounds() (Pos, Pos) {
 	return n.start, n.end
 }
 
+// ForNode For loops
+type ForNode struct {
+	counter  Node
+	iterator Node
+	logic    Node
+
+	start Pos
+	end   Pos
+}
+
+func (n ForNode) Type() NodeType {
+	return ForNodeType
+}
+
+func (n ForNode) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("for %s in %s; %s", n.counter, n.iterator, n.logic)
+}
+
+func (n ForNode) Bounds() (Pos, Pos) {
+	return n.start, n.end
+}
+
 // AssignNode assignment
 type AssignNode struct {
 	dest    Node

core/parser.go

@@ -383,6 +383,38 @@ func (p *Parser) expression(mustBeBlock bool) (Node, error) {
 			p.prev.End,
 		}, nil
 
+	case TokenFor:
+		p.advance()
+		start := p.prev.Start
+
+		counter, err := p.expression(false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if err := p.expect(TokenIn, "for-loops must be for each item in an iterator"); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		iterator, err := p.expression(false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		logic, err := p.expression(true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		return &ForNode{
+			counter,
+			iterator,
+			logic,
+
+			start,
+			p.prev.End,
+		}, nil
+
 	default:
 		s, err := p.binary()
 		if err != nil {

core/values.go

@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ func (v *BuiltinFunctionValue) Type() ValueType {
 }
 
 func (v *BuiltinFunctionValue) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("<function name=%s builtin>", v.Name)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("<function builtin name=%s>", v.Name)
 }
 
 func (v *BuiltinFunctionValue) DebugString() string {

core/vm.go

@@ -133,6 +133,9 @@ const (
 	// InstructionFormTuple pop n+1 (u16) items from the stack, and create a new tuple with the items. The top value
 	// on the stack is the last value in the tuple.
 	InstructionFormTuple
+	// InstructionDestructureTuple pop a tuple, and push all its items to the stack, with the top item on the stack
+	// being the last item in the tuple.
+	InstructionDestructureTuple
 
 	// InstructionIndexList index into a list. The lower item is the container, and the top item
 	// is the index. [..., container, index] -> [..., item]
@@ -251,6 +254,8 @@ func (b Bytecode) String() string {
 		return "INDEX_LIST"
 	case InstructionIndexTuple:
 		return "INDEX_TUPLE"
+	case InstructionDestructureTuple:
+		return "DESTRUCTURE_TUPLE"
 	}
 	return "UNDEFINED"
 }
@@ -605,10 +610,7 @@ var DefaultGlobals = map[string]Value{
 					&StringSignature{},
 				),
 			},
-			quickComposite(
 			&FloatSignature{},
-				&NilSignature{},
-			),
 		},
 		func(vm *VM, _ Value, args []Value) (Value, error) {
 			switch v := args[0].(type) {
@@ -620,7 +622,7 @@ var DefaultGlobals = map[string]Value{
 			case *StringValue:
 				num, err := strconv.ParseFloat(v.Text, FloatSize)
 				if err != nil {
-					return &NilValue{}, nil
+					return &FloatValue{}, nil
 				}
 
 				return &FloatValue{num}, nil
@@ -1014,6 +1016,11 @@ func (vm *VM) Next() bool {
 			items,
 		})
 
+	case InstructionDestructureTuple:
+		t := vm.Stack.Pop().(*TupleValue)
+
+		vm.Stack.Push(t.Items...)
+
 	case InstructionDescend:
 		vm.descend()
 

emoji.ang

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-
-write(char(0x12) + char(0x85) + char(0x07))

era3.ang

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-fn counter() -> (fn() -> int) {
-    i := 0
-
-    fn() -> int { i = i + 1 }
-}
-
-next := counter()
-
-println(next())
-println(next())
-println(next())

examples/arithmetics.ang

@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 
-write("Bonjour à tout!");
+println("Bonjour à tout!")
 
 if 1 == 2 {
     # unreachable
+    println("Wooot?? One does equal 2????")
 } else {
-    write("Hooray! One does not equal 2!");
+    println("Hooray! One does not equal 2!")
 }
 
-for (var n = 1; n < 10; n = n + 1) {
-    write("Run number " + str(n));
+for n in 0..10 {
+    println("Run number " + str(n))
 }
 
-var a = 2;
+a := 2
 
-write(3 * a*a + 10 / 3);
+println(3 * a*a + 10 / 3)
 
 
 

examples/fib.ang

@@ -1,17 +1,8 @@
 
 # calculate fibonacci numbers with a loop
 
-x := 0
-
-n := 1
-p := 1
-
-while x < 100 {
-    f := n + p
-
-    p = n
-    n = f
-
-    write(f)
-    x = x + 1
+(a, b) := (1, 0)
+for _ in 0..100 {
+    (a, b) = (a + b, b)
+    println(a)
 }

examples/func.ang

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
-func sum(a, b) {
-    return a + b
+fn sum(a: int, b: int) -> int {
+    a + b
 }
 
-write(sum(1, 2))
+println(sum(1, 2))

examples/grapher.ang

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-func f(x) {
+fn f(x) {
     return x*x - 4
 }
 

examples/hello.ang

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 
-write("Hello world!")
+println("Hello world!")
 
 a := 1 + 2
-
-write(a)
-
+println(a)
 
 if a > 2 {
-    write("Hooray!! a is greater than 2!!!!")
+    println("Hooray!! a is greater than 2!!!!")
 } else {
-    write("oh nooo!!! a is less than or equal to 2!!!!!!!!!!")
+    println("oh nooo!!! a is less than or equal to 2!!!!!!!!!!")
 }

examples/importing.ang

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 import "math.ang"
 
-write(sqrt(2))
+println(sqrt(2.0))

examples/list.ang

@@ -1,51 +1,47 @@
 
 # Empty list
-write([])
+println([])
 
 # List with items
-write([3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5])
+println([3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5])
 
 # List with items of different types
-write(["", "私はかっこいいです。", true, nil, nil, 1, 2])
+println(["", "私はかっこいいです。", true, nil, nil, 1, 2])
 
 a := []
 
-a = a.append(1)
-a = a.append(2)
+a = a + [1]
+a = a + [2]
 
-write(a)
+println(a)
 
 
 list := []
 
-n := 0
 x := 0
-while n < 100 {
+for n in 0..100 {
     x = x + 2*n + 1
 
-    list = list.append(x)
-    n = n + 1
+    list = list + [x]
 }
 
-write(list)
-write(list.map(func(a) {
+println(list)
+println(list.map(func(a) {
     return a - 1
 }))
-write(list.length())
-write(list.at(69))
+println(list.length())
+println(list.at(69))
 
 other := []
 
-a := 1
-while a <= 10 {
+for a in 0..=10 {
     other = other.append(a)
-    a = a + 1
 }
 
 sum := other.reduce(func(tot, x) {
     return tot + x
 }, 0)
 
-write(sum)
+println(sum)
 
 assert(sum == a*(a-1)/2)

examples/pi-approx.ang

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ tot = tot * 6.0
 # get the absolute value of a number
 fn abs(x: float) -> float {
 	if x < 0.0 {
-		return -x
+		-x
+	} else {
+	    x
 	}
-	return x
 }
 
 # calculate an approximation of the square root of tot using

examples/pøck.ang

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 import "math.ang"
 
-func r_x(t) {
-    return 8*(exp(-t) - t)
+fn r_x(t: float) -> float {
+    return 8.0*(exp(-t) - t)
 }
 
-func r_y(t) {
-    return 5*(exp(-t) - t)
+fn r_y(t: float) -> float {
+    return 5.0*(exp(-t) - t)
 }
 
-func r(t) {
-    return format("(%s, %s)", [r_x(t), r_y(t)])
+fn r(t: float) -> (float, float) {
+    return (r_x(t), r_y(t))
 }
 
-write(r(1))
-write()
+println(r(1.0))

fails.ang

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-import "lib/honning.ang"
-
-write(_bell+_italic+"Hello "+_underline+"world "+_strike+"micheal"+_reset)
-

imp.ang

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-
-func is_cool(x: number|string) boolean {
-    if x == "cool" {
-        return true
-    } else if x == 69 {
-        return true
-    }
-
-    return nil
-}
-
-write(str(is_cool("not cool")))
-write(str(is_cool("cool")))
-write(str(is_cool(0)))
-write(str(is_cool(69)))

lib/list.ang

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-fn map(list: [any], f: fn(any) -> any) -> [any] {
+fn (l: list) map(list: [any], f: fn(any) -> any) -> [any] {
     out := []
 
     i := 0

lib/math.ang

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ E := 2.718281828459045235360287471352
 #   returned value is x.
 fn absf(x: float) -> float {
     # if the number is negative
-    if x < 0 {
+    if x < 0.0 {
         # negate it so it's positive
         return -x
     }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fn absi(n: int) -> int {
 }
 
 DERIVE_DX := 0.00000001
-fn derive(f: fn(float) -> float, x: float) float {
+fn derive(f: fn(float) -> float, x: float) -> float {
     return (f(x + DERIVE_DX) - f(x))/DERIVE_DX
 }
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ fn newtons(f: fn(float) -> float) -> float {
     pg := 0.0
     g := 1.0
 
-    while abs(g - pg) > NEWTONS_ACC {
+    while absf(g - pg) > NEWTONS_ACC {
         pg = g
         g = pg - f(pg) / derive(f, pg)
     }
@@ -53,12 +53,14 @@ fn sqrt(x: float) -> float {
     ng := x
     g := 1.0
 
-    while abs(g - ng) > MAX_SQRT_DX {
+    while absf(g - ng) > MAX_SQRT_DX {
         g = ng
 
         # create new guess
-        ng = (g + x / g) / 2
+        ng = (g + x / g) / 2.0
     }
+
+    g
 }
 
 # floor(x)
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ fn round(x: float) -> float {
     f := floor(x)
 
     if x - f > 0.5 {
-        return f + 1
+        return f + 1.0
     }
 
     return f
@@ -93,16 +95,16 @@ fn round(x: float) -> float {
 # n: number; the number to divide by
 #   Return the rest from a division of x by n.
 fn mod(x: float, n: float) -> float {
-    if x == 0 {
-        return 0
+    if x == 0.0 {
+        return 0.0
     }
 
-    if x < 0 {
-        while x + n <= 0 {
+    if x < 0.0 {
+        while x + n <= 0.0 {
             x = x + n
         }
     } else {
-        while x - n >= 0 {
+        while x - n >= 0.0 {
             x = x - n
         }
     }
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ fn sm_exp(x: float) -> float {
     x_pow := x
     f := 1.0
 
-    while abs(tot - p_tot) > SM_EXP_ACC {
+    while absf(tot - p_tot) > SM_EXP_ACC {
         p_tot = tot
         t := x_pow / f
         tot = tot + t
@@ -139,18 +141,18 @@ fn sm_exp(x: float) -> float {
 # x: number; any number
 #   Get an approximate value of e raised to the power of x.
 fn exp(x: float) -> float {
-    n := abs(x)
+    n := absf(x)
     tot := 1.0
-    while n >= 1 {
+    while n >= 1.0 {
         tot = tot * E
-        n = n - 1
+        n = n - 1.0
     }
 
     if n > 0.0 {
         tot = tot * sm_exp(n)
     }
 
-    if x < 0 {
+    if x < 0.0 {
         1.0/tot
     } else {
         tot
@@ -166,9 +168,9 @@ fn ln(x: float) -> float {
     pg := 0.0
     g := 1.0
 
-    while abs(pg - g) > LN_ACC {
+    while absf(pg - g) > LN_ACC {
         pg = g
-        g = pg + x / exp(pg) - 1
+        g = pg + x / exp(pg) - 1.0
     }
 
     return g
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ fn log(a: float, b: float) -> float {
     pg := 0.0
     g := 1.0
 
-    while abs(g - pg) > LOG_ACC {
+    while absf(g - pg) > LOG_ACC {
         pg = g
         g = pg - 1.0/ln_b - a/(ln_b*pow(b, pg))
     }
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ fn sin(x: float) -> float {
     x = mod(x, 2.0*PI)
     if x > PI {
         x = PI - x
-        f = -1
+        f = -1.0
     }
 
     # compute sine with a taylor series mock function of sine (valid between -pi and +pi)
@@ -220,7 +222,7 @@ fn sin(x: float) -> float {
     i := 1.0
     s := -1.0
 
-    while i <= 19 {
+    while i <= 19.0 {
         i = i + 2.0
         l = s * l * x / i / (i-1.0)
 
@@ -235,13 +237,15 @@ fn sin(x: float) -> float {
 # cos(x)
 # x: number; an angle in radians
 #   Get the cosine of an angle (in radians). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_and_cosine
-func cos(x: number) number {
+fn cos(x: float) -> float {
     # todo
+    0.0
 }
 
 # tan(x)
 # x: number; an angle in radians
 #   Get the tangent of an angle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent
-func tan(x: number) number {
+fn tan(x: float) -> float {
     # todo
+    0.0
 }